SMITHSONIAN SERIES IN COMPARATIVE EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

Douglas H. Erwin and V.A. Funk, Series Editors

Presenting innovative studies in the field of comparative evolutionary biology, this series features a diversity of perspectives, with some preference toward the organismic level.

*The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants

A Cladistic Study

Paul Kenrick and Peter R. Crane

The appearance of land vegetation on Earth 450 million years ago marked a period of unparalleled innovation in plant evolution. The transition from algae to the first land plants---the transition from water to air---entailed adaptations that gave rise to many of today's major plant groups, including mosses, liverworts, lycopsids, and ferns. An understanding of early land plant relationships is critical to a full-scale appreciation of phylogenetic patterns in the plant kingdom.

The first comprehensive application of cladistics---a system of defining taxa by shared characteristics to infer evolutionary relationships--- to the massive body of data on both living and fossil plants, this book clarifies phylogenetic patterns within and among basal groups of land plants. Summarizing the morphological and molecular evidence available, the authors critically explore the distribution of characters such as stem branching, leaves, and heterospory. Their specific phylogenetic hypotheses make explicit previous morphology-based studies, and their inclusion of fossils clarifies relationships among extinct groups. The book contributes significantly to current ideas on the homology of land plant structural features and supports the monophyly of vascular plants as well as the early divergence of lycopsids from other tracheophytes.

Illustrated with line drawings and complete with appendices detailing the morphology of early fossil plants and their living relatives, The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants discusses the implications of its phylogenetic conclusions for understanding the evolution of land plant structure, life cycles, the appearance of groups in the fossil record, biogeographic patterns, and related geological events. In its detailed analysis of the patterns and processes underlying the origin of land plants, the book sheds light on central questions surrounding the initial assembly of terrestrial ecosystems.

August 1997 19 b&w photographs, 142 line drawings 592 pp.

Cloth: ISBN 1-56098-730-8 $55.00

Paper: ISBN 1 -56098-729-4 $27.50

*Hawaiian Biogeography

Evolution on a Hot Spot Archipelago

Edited by Warren L. Wagner and V.A. Funk

"A commendable and highly competent synthesis of the last decade's explosion of research in Hawaii, and of the use of phylogenic techniques to test hypotheses concerning the evolution of organisms in ecological and geological time."---Journal of Animal Ecology

"One of the best edited volumes that I have had the pleasure to read....I hope that this book stimulates the development of similar books that synthexize biological studies of other archipelagoes."---Christine R. B. Boake, Trends in Ecology and Evolution

1995 11 b&w photographs, 134 line drawings 464 pp.

Cloth: ISBN 1-56098-462-7 $45.00

Paper: ISBN 1-56098-463-5 $25.00

*Parascript

Parasites and the Language of Evolution

Daniel R. Brooks and Deborah A. McLennan

"Thoughtful, stimulating, and provoking".---Biodiversity & Conservation

"The results of these comparative studies will prove surprising to many parasitologists and most evolutionary biologists; numerous commonly accepted textbook generalizations are contradicted by phylogenetic evidence."---Science

1993 149 line drawings 448 pp.

Cloth: ISBN 1-56098-215-2 $69.00

Paper: ISBN 1-56098-285-3 $25.00

*The Development and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns

H. Frederik Nijhout

(Choice Outstanding Academic Book)

"Nijhout has painted in brilliant verbal pictures and accompanying illustrations a superb analysis."---Tropical Lepidoptera

"Valuable and interesting. [This book] is the first to collate a wide array of information about the biochemistry, development, morphology and genetics of lepidopteran patterns."----Nature

1991 12 color, 163 b&w photographs 336 pp.

Paper: ISBN 0-87474-917-4 $25.00

*Bats in Question

The Smithsonian Answer Book

Don E. Wilson with photographs by Merlin D. Tuttle

Long the subjects of myth and superstition, bats have been among the most misunderstood of mammals due to their nocturnal habits, capacity for flight, and strange appearance. Bats account for nearly a quarter of the world's mammal species, yet whenever they are seen, they raise questions: Are they related to birds? Do they really drink blood? Are they a threat to humans?

Seeking to dispel the myths associated with these remarkable creatures and arguing for their key role in a balanced ecosystem, Bats in Question covers all aspects of bat biology in practical question-and-answer format. Describing where bats live, how they use echolocation to navigate, and even why they hang upside down, the book also gives the conservation status of all 925 bat species and explores cultural attitudes about bats. Don E. Wilson studies the evolution of bats and shows their remarkable diversity by describing the different body structures and habitats of each major group. He also sheds light on bats' complex social systems, extraordinary variation in size, and diverse food preferences.

The book also explores cultural attitudes about bats---telling how, until recently, bats had been relegated to the world of vampires and how they have emerged to take their place in public awareness as important and fascinating members of our ecosystems. Illustrated with striking color photographs, this book invites both children and adults to better acquaint themselves with bats in order to understand the need to maintain viable populations of them in a rapidly shrinking natural world.

August 1997 134 color photographs 192 pp.

Cloth: ISBN 1-56098-738-3 $49.00

Paper: ISBN 1-56098-739-1 $24.95

No sales in Australia and New Zealand

*Manu

The Biodiversity of Southeastern Peru

Edited by Don E. Wilson and Abelardo Sandoval

The eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes is among the Earth's ten most diverse and endangered ecosystems. With an exceptional variety of species and high levels of endemism, the Manu Biosphere Reserve in southeastern Peru has been the site of intensive sampling and monitoring programs during the past decade. In this volume, twenty-nine chapters (twenty written in English, nine in Spanish) provide an unprecedented summary of the region's general floristics, flora, and fauna.

An introduction to the area's floristics describes plot and mapping methods that encompass the region's riverine and forest terrace habitats. Comprehensive checklists, standardized sampling schemes, information about species inventory and composition, and taxonomic data are provided for Manu's diverse plant and animal populations, including reptiles, amphibians, butterflies, spiders, and bamboos.

A landmark reference to one of the world's most complex and most studied tropical ecosystems, this volume is an essential reference for ecologists and biologists seeking to understand the ecosystems of tropical forests worldwide.

1997 672 pp.

Paper: ISBN 1-56098-710-3 $35.00

BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY HANDBOOK SERIES

Mercedes S. Foster, Series Editor

This series details standard methods for qualitative and quantitative sampling of biological diversity.

*Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity

Standard Methods for Amphibians

Edited by W. Ronald Heyer, Maureen A. Donnelly, Roy W. McDiarmid, Lee-Ann C. Hayek, and Mercedes S. Foster

Foreword by David Wake

(Choice Outstanding Academic Book)

"[An] indispensable reference."----ASB Bulletin

"[This book] should be consulted by anyone who regularly works with amphibian populations."---Quarterly Review of Biology

"Comprehensive." ---Conservation Biology

1994 31 line drawings 384 pp.

Cloth: ISBN 1-56098-270-5 $49.00

Paper: ISBN 1-56098-284-5 $17.95

*Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity

Standard Methods for Mammals

Edited by Don E. Wilson, F. Russell Cole, James D. Nichols, Rasanayagam Rudran, and Mercedes S. Foster.

In this manual, more than fifty scientists provide standardized methods for biodiversity sampling procedures for measuring and monitoring populations of any mammal group, from rodents to open-country grazers. Beginning with brief natural histories of the twenty-six orders of living mammals, the book describes in successive chapters the field techniques--observation, capture, and sign interpretation--appropriate to different species. The contributors provide guidelines for study design, discuss survey planning, describe statistical techniques, and outline methods of translating field data into electronic formats.

1996 70 b&w illus. 480 pp.

Cloth: ISBN 1-56098-636-0 $49.00

Paper: ISBN 1-56098-637-9 $22.50

MARINE BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION

*The Atlantic Barrier Reef Ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize

Structure and Communities

Edited by Klaus Ruetzler and Ian G. Macintyre

"No one interested in reef ecology can afford to be without a copy."---Ecology

This important study of the rich barrier reef complex off Belize investigates the tides and currents, climate and sedimentation, benthic algae and zooplankton, and major floral and faunal distributions.

1982 6 color illus., 232 figs. 554 pp.

Cloth: ISBN 0-87474-850-X $35.00

*New Perspectives in Sponge Biology

Edited by Klaus Ruetzler

"A carefully edited volume that should be a valuable reference not only for sponge scientists but also for evolutionary biologists, ecologists, developmental biologists, and natural products chemists." ---ASB Bulletin

"A valuable starting point for any biologist's beginning research in sponge biology."---Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

This landmark volume includes studies on sponge paleobiology, biochemistry, chemotaxonomy, immunology, chemical defenses, cell structure, biogeography, evolutionary biology, community structure, population ecology, species interaction, and ecophysiology.

1991 150 b&w illus. 544 pp.

Cloth: ISBN 0-87474-784-8 $59.95

MAMMALOGY

*Mammal Species of the World

A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Second Edition

Edited by Don E. Wilson and DeeAnn M. Reeder

"A uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world's living and historically extinct mammalian species...For the practicing systematist, this is really a landmark volume."---Journal of Mammalogy

1993 1,312 pp.

Cloth: ISBN 1-56098-217-9 $75.00

Published with the American Society of Mammalogists

ORNITHOLOGY

*Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds

Edited by John M. Hagan III and David M. Johnston

Foreword by Thomas E. Lovejoy

Preface by Gerry E. Studds

With abstracts in Spanish and English

Winner of the Wildlife Society's Wildlife Publications Award

"Essential reading for all ornithologists." --World Birdwatch

"This book contains a wealth of information about population trends and largely moves the subject from the speculation of the 1970s to a much more sophisticated and reliable evaluation of migrant landbird status changes." ---Ibis.

1992 45 b&w illus. 610 pp.

Cloth: ISBN 1-56098-113-X $48.00

Paper: ISBN 1-56098-140-7 $29.95