ANTHOPHYTA - MONOCOTYLEDONS

Araceae (Aroid Family) - herb (terrestrial or hemiepiphytic climber); large succulent leaves, simple or dissected; flowers on a fleshy cylindrical spadix subtended by a single spathe; fruit of individual berries on a spadix (spike).
(reviewed by D. Nicolson)

Arecaceae (Palm Family) - tree, shrub, or liana; leaves large, palmately or pinnately compound; flowers 3-petaled, small, green, yellow, white, or brown; fruit a drupe or nut- like.

Bactris balanophora Spruce
Bactris campestris Poeppig ex Martius *
Bactris corossilla Karsten
Bactris hirta Martius -- complex
Bactris hirta Martius var. pluchra (Trail) Henderson
Bactris oligoclada Burret
Bactris pectinata Martius
Bactris ptariana Steyermark
Bactris simplicifrons Martius
Desmoncus kaieteurensis = D. macroacanthos
Desmoncus macroacanthos Martius
Desmoncus phoenicocarpus B. Rodrigues
Dictyocaryum ptarianum (Steyermark) H.E. Moore & Steyermark
Geonoma sp.
Jessenia oenocarpus -- complex
Mauritiella aculeata (Kunth) Burret
Oenocarpus sp.

Bromeliaceae (Pineapple Family) - terrestrial or epiphytic herb; rosette of upper leaves sometimes forming a water-containing tank; inflorescences vary from short and densely packed flowers in a tank, to a raceme or panicle rising out of the tank; fruit an individual capsule, or aggregate fruit.

Burmanniaceae - saprophytic herb (mostly achlorophyllous); leaves normal or reduced and scale-like; flowers white to cream-colored, sometimes purple (Burmannia bicolor).

Commelinaceae (Spiderwort Family) - trailing or climbing herbs; leaves simple, unlobed, with a closed sheathing base; flowers small, 3 sepals and 3 free petals, blue or bluish to white or pink; fruit a 3-valved loculicidal capsule.
(reviewed by R. Faden)

Commelina diffusa Burman f. *
Dichorisandra hexandra (Aublet) Standley *
Tripogandra serrulata (Vahl) Handlos *

Cyclanthaceae (Panama Hat Family) - hemi-epiphytic or terrestrial herb with fleshy stem; leaves bifurcate; spadix green or white; spathe green.
(compiled by J.K. Boggan)

Cyperaceae (Sedge Family) - herb, sometimes climbing; leaves grass-like; flowers reduced; fruit a nutlet.
(reviewed by M.T. Strong, 1998)

Becquerelia cymosa Brongniart subsp. merkeliana (Nees) T. Koyama
Bisboeckelera longifolia (Rudge) O. Kuntze
Bulbostylis junciformis (Kunth) C.B. Clarke *
Calyptrocarya glomerulata ( Brongniart) Urban
Calyptrocarya poeppigiana Kunth
Cephalocarpus rigidus Gilly ex Gleason & Killip
Cyperus diffusus = C. laxus
Cyperus guianensis (C.B. Clarke) Kükenthal
Cyperus laxus Lamaire s.l.
Cyperus ligularis Linnaeus *
Cyperus sphacelatus Rottboell
Didymiandrum stellatum (Boeckeler) Gilly *
Diplacrum guianense (Nees) T. Koyama *
Diplasia karataefolia L.C. Richard *
Eleocharis debilis Kunth
Eleocharis geniculata (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes *
Eleocharis maculosa (Vahl) Roemer & Schultes
Fimbristylis aspera (Schrader) Boeckeler
Hypolytrum jenmanii C.B. Clarke subsp. serratifolium (Uittien) T. Koyama
Hypolytrum longifolium (L.C. Richard) Nees subsp. sylvaticum (Poeppig & Kunth) T. Koyama
Hypolytrum pulchrum (Rudge) H. Pfeiffer *
Lagenocarpus rigidus (Kunth) Nees subsp. tremulus (Nees) T. Koyama & Maguire
Lagenocarpus tremulus = L. rigidus subsp. tremulus
Mapania imeriensis (R. Gross) T. Koyama
Rhynchospora arenicola Uittien
Rhynchospora barbata (Vahl) Kunth
Rhynchospora cephalotes (Linnaeus) Vahl *
Rhynchospora curvula Grisebach
Rhynchospora cyperoides = R. holoschoenoides
Rhynchospora emaciata (Nees) Boeckeler
Rhynchospora graminea = R. spruceana
Rhynchospora holoschoenoides (L.C. Richard) Herter *
Rhynchospora riparia (Nees) Boeckeler
Rhynchospora spruceana C.B. Clarke
Rhynchospora tenella (Nees) Boeckeler
Rhynchospora tenuis subsp. riparia = R. riparia
Scleria cyperina Willdenow ex Kunth *
Scleria macrogyne C.B. Clarke
Scleria melaleuca Reichenbach ex Chamisso & Schlechtendal
Scleria microcarpa Nees
Scleria nardifolia (Kunth) Boeckeler
Scleria pubera (Vahl) Boeckeler subsp. pubera
Scleria pterota = S. melaleuca

Dioscoreaceae (Yam Family) - vine, climbing by twining; leaves alternate; flowers small; fruit a 3-angled capsule.
(compiled by J.K. Boggan)

Dioscorea guianensis Kunth
Dioscorea potarensis Kunth
Dioscorea trichanthera Gleason *

Eriocaulaceae - herb; tufts of long and narrow leaves; dense heads of small whitish flowers borne on end of long naked stalks.

Orectanthe sp.
Paepalanthus capillaceus = Rondonanthus capillaceus
Paepalanthus dichotomus Klotzsch ex Körnicke
Paepalanthus fascicuelatus (Rottbūll) Körnicke
Paepalanthus griseus = P. oyapockensis
Paepalanthus leucocyaneus Tutin
Paepalanthus oyapockensis Herzog
Paepalanthus pauper Moldenke
Paepalanthus polytrichoides Kunth
Rondonanthus capillaceus (Klotzsch ex Körnicke) Hensold & Giulietti
Syngonanthus gracilis (Körnicke) Ruhl
Syngonanthus guianensis = Paepalanthus polytrichoides
Syngonanthus jenmanii (Gleason) Giulietti & Hensold
Syngonanthus savannarum = Paepalanthus dichotomus
Syngonanthus tricostatus = S. xeranthemoides
Syngonanthus umbellatus (Lamarck) Ruhland
Syngonanthus xeranthemoides (Bongard) Ruhland
Tonina fluviatilis Aublet *

Heliconiaceae (Heliconia Family) - herb; inflorences with large, conspicuous, brightly colored bracts subtending flowers; fruit berry-like.

Heliconia acuminata L.C. Richard subsp. acuminata
Heliconia bihai (Linnaeus) Linnaeus *

Liliaceae (including Amaryllidaceae) - herb; leaves strap-like; flowers white, fragrant and showy; fruit a capsule.
(reviewed by J.K. Boggan)

Hymenocallis tubiflora Salisbury

Marantaceae (Prayer Plant Family) - herb to subwoody vines; leaves large; inflorescences usually conspicuously bracteate, with irregular white flowers.

Calathea cyclophora Baker
Ischnosiphon foliosus Gleason
Ischnosiphon gracilis (Rudge) Körnicke
Ischnosiphon obliquus (Rudge) Körnicke *
Ischnosiphon petiolatus (Rudge) L. Andersson
Ischnosiphon puberulus Loesener var. scaber (Petersen) L. Andersson
Monotagma parkeri = M. spicatum
Monotagma spicatum (Aublet) Macbride

Mayacaceae - aquatic herb; leaves linear and spirally arranged; flowers white; fruit a capsule.

Mayaca longipes Martius ex Seubert *

Orchidaceae (Orchid Family) - epiphytic or terrestrial herb, sometimes a hemiepiphytic climber (Vanilla); flowers variable in size, shape, and color; fruit more or less cylindrical, dehiscing into 3 parts, releasing huge numbers of very tiny seeds.
(compiled by E.A. Christenson and C.L. Kelloff)

Aspidogyne foliosa (Poeppig & Endlicher) Garay
Aspidogyne multifoliata (Schweinfurth) Garay
Batemannia colleyi Lindley *
Bollea violacea (Lindley) Reichenbach f. *
Brassia bidens Lindley *
Brassia wageneri Reichenbach f. *
Catasetum discolor (Lindley) Lindley
Cleistes rosea Lindley *
Cryptocentron sp.
Dichaea graminifolia Lindley
Dichaea hookeri Garay & Sweet
Dichaea splitgerberi Reichenbach f.
Dichaea trulla Reichenbach f. *
Dichaea sp. #1 *
Dichaea sp. #2
Elleanthus caravata (Aublet) Reichenbach f. *
Elleanthus graminifolius (B. Rodrigues) Loijtnant
Encyclia chloroleuca (W.J. Hooker) Neumann
Encyclia latipetala (C. Schweinfurth) Pabst
Encyclia vespa (Vellozo) Dressler
Epidendrum carpophorum B. Rodrigues
Epidendrum compressum Grisebach *
Epidendrum ecostatum Pabst
Epidendrum huebneri Schlechter *
Epidendrum imitans Schlechter
Epidendrum longicolle Lindley
Epidendrum miserrimum Reichenbach f.
Epidendrum nocturnum Jacquin *
Epidendrum orchidiflorum Salzmann ex Lindley
Epidendrum purpurascens Focke *
Epidendrum ramosum Jacquin *
Epidendrum schomburgkii Lindley
Epidendrum smaragdinum Lindley
Epidendrum strobiliferum Reichenbach f.
Epidendrum tridens Poeppig & Endlicher (E. nocturnum var. tumac-humacense Veyret)
Epistephium amplexicaule Poeppig & Endlicher
Epistephium ellipticum L.O. Williams & Summerhayes *
Epistephium parviflorum Lindley *
Epistephium subrepens Hoehne
Eulophia alta (Linnaeus) Fawcett & Rendle *
Gongora sp.
Habenaria longicauda W.J. Hooker
Habenaria platydactyla Kraenzlin
Ionopsis utricularioides (Swartz) Lindley *
Jacquiniella globosa (Jacquin) Schlechter *
Koellensteinia eburnea (B. Rodrigues) Schlechter*
Koellensteinia tricolor (Lindley) Reichenbach f.
Ligeiphila sp.
Maxillaria bolivarensis C. Schweinfurth
Maxillaria brachybulbon Schltechter
Maxillaria brunnea Linden & Reichenbach f. *
Maxillaria caespitifica Reichenbach f.
Maxillaria camaridii Reichenbach f. *
Maxillaria mapiriense (Kraenzlin) Garay *
Maxillaria melina Lindley *
Maxillaria parviflora (Poeppig & Endlicher) Garay
Maxillaria cf. pendula W.J. Hooker
Maxillaria trinitatis Ames *
Maxillaria uncata Lindley
Maxillaria violaceopunctata Reichenbach f. *
Myoxanthus simplicicaulis (C. Schweinfurth) Luer
Myoxanthus trachychlamys (Schlechter) Luer
Octomeria erosilabia C. Schweinfurth *
Octomeria exigua C. Schweinfurth var. elata C. Schweinfurth
Octomeria sp. # 1
Octomeria sp. # 2
Octomeria sp. # 3
Octomeria sp. # 4
Octomeria sp. # 5
Octomeria sp. # 6
Octomeria sp. # 7
Oncidium pusillum (Linnaeus) Reichenbach f. *
Ornithocephalus sp.
Palmorchis sp.
Phragmipedium lindleyanum (Schomburgk) Rolfe *
Pleurothallis grobyi Bateman ex Lindley *
Pleurothallis picta Lindley
Pleurothallis sclerophylla Lindley *
Pleurothallis stenocardium Schlechter *
Pleurothallis suspensa Luer
Polycycnis surinamensis C. Schweinfurth *
Polystachya stenophylla Schlechter
Psygmorchis pusilla (Linnaeus) Dodson & Dressler
Reichenbachanthus reflexus (Lindley) Brade *
Rodriguezia lanceolata Ruiz & Pavón
Sarcoglottis acaulis (J.E. Smith) Schlechter
Sarcoglottis metallica (Rolfe) Schlechter
Scaphyglottis amethystina = S. stellata
Scaphyglottis fusiformis (Grisebach) Schultes *
Scaphyglottis graminifolia (RuĄz & Pavón) Poeppig & Endlicher
Scaphyglottis grandiflora Ames & C. Schweinfurth *
Scaphyglottis modesta (Reichenbach f.) Schlechter
Scaphyglottis prolifera Cogniaux
Scaphyglottis sickii Pabst
Scaphyglottis stellata Lindley
Scaphyglottis violacea Lindley *
Sievekingia jenmannii Reichenbach
Sobralia liliastrum Lindley *
Sobralia oliva-estevae Carnevali & Ramirez
Sobralia valida Rolfe
Stelis argentata Lindley *
Stelis intermedia Poeppig & Endlicher *
Stelis sp. #1
Stelis sp. #2
Trichosalpinx blaisdellii = T. egleri
Trichosalpinx egleri (Pabst) Luer
Trichosalpinx orbicularis (Lindley) Luer
Trigonidium acuminatum Batemann *
Trigonidium obtusum Lindley *
Triphora sp. = Epistephium ellipticum
Vanilla bicolor Lindley
Vanilla grandiflora Lindley *
Vanilla pompona = V. grandiflora
Vanilla wrightii = V. bicolor
Wullschlaegelia calcarata Bentham

Poaceae (Grass Family) - herb; leaves long, often linear; flowers highly reduced; fruit an achene.

Andropogon bicornis Linnaeus *
Andropogon leucostachyus Kunth
Andropogon selloanus (Hackel) Hackel
Arthrostylidium scandens McClure *
Axonopus capillaris (Lamarck) Chase
Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlmann
Axonopus flabelliformis Swallen *
Axonopus kaietukensis = A. flabelliformis
Axonopus longispicus (Doell) Kuhlmann
Digitaria horizontalis Willdenow
Digitaria violascens Link [cult., naturalized]
Eleusine indica (Linnaeus) Gaertner [naturalized] *
Eragrostis unioloides (Retzius) Nees [naturalized] *
Gynerium sagittatum (Aublet) P. Beauvois *
Homolepis isocalycia (C. Meyer) Chase *
Ichnanthus calvescens (Nees) Doell
Ichnanthus dasycoleus Tutin
Ichnanthus nemoralis (Schrader) Hitchcock & Chase *
Ichnanthus pallens (Swartz) Munro ex Bentham*
Ichnanthus riedelii = I. nemoralis
Ichnanthus tenuis (J.S. Presl) Hitchcock & Chase
Ischaemum guianense Kunth ex Hackel *
Ischaemum rugosum Salisbury [naturalized]
Lasiacis ligulata Hitchcock & Chase
Lasiacis procerrima (Hackel) Hitchcock
Mesosetum loliiforme (Steudel) Chase *
Olyra longifolia Kunth
Olyra micrantha Kunth *
Panicum albociliatum = P. pycnoclados
Panicum angulosum = P. rivale
Panicum chnoodes Trinius
Panicum coenosum Dowell ex Martius vel aff.
Panicum cornosum Doell
Panicum cyanescens Nees
Panicum granuliferum Kunth
Panicum kaietukense = P. parvifolium
Panicum laxum Swartz *
Panicum micranthum Kunth
Panicum obovatum Doell (vel aff.)
Panicum parvifolium Lamarck *
Panicum pilosum Swartz
Panicum polycomum Trinius
Panicum pycnoclados Tutin
Panicum rivale Swallen
Panicum rudgei Roemer & Schultes *
Panicum savannarum Soderstrom
Panicum sciurotoides Zuloaga & Morrone
Panicum spissifolium = P. granuliferum
Panicum stoloniferum Poiret *
Panicum tatei = P. chnoodes
Pariana debilis = P. radiciflora
Pariana gleasonii Hitchcock
Pariana radiciflora Sagot ex Doell
Parodiolyra lateralis (Presl) Soderstrom & Zuloaga *
Paspalum altsonii Chase
Paspalum arenarium Schrader
Paspalum bifidifolium Soderstrom
Paspalum conjugatum Berg
Paspalum melanospermum Desvaux ex Poiret
Paspalum petilum Chase *
Paspalum scandens = Thrasya scandens
Raddiella esenbeckii (Steudel) Calderon & Soderstrom *
Raddiella kaieteurana Soderstrom *
Raddiella nana = R. esenbeckii
Raddiella potaroensis Soderstrom
Raddiella truncata = Parodiolyra lateralis
Sporobolus jacquemontii Kunth
Thrasya achlysophila Soderstrom *
Thrasya scandens (Tutin) Soderstrom ex A.G. Burman

Pontederiaceae (Water Hyacinth Family) - aquatic herb; leaves opposite or whorled; flowers blue, white, or lilac; fruit a loculicidal capsule.

Eichhornia diversifolia (Vahl) Urban

Rapateaceae - aquatic or terrestial herb; leaves long and strap-like; flowers yellow, in dense head on long peduncles usually subtended by bracts ; fruit a capsule.

Potarophytum riparium Sandwith
Rapatea paludosa Aublet var. paludosa *
Rapatea xiphoides Sandwith
Saxofridericia regalis Rob. Schomburgk
Stegolepis angustata Gleason
Stegolepis ferruginea Baker
Windsorina guianensis Gleason

Smilacaceae (Sarsaparilla Family)- herbaceous twiner or woody vine; leaves usually alternate, simple; flowers small; fruits round, green to black.

Smilax syphilitica Willdenow

Strelitziaceae (Wild banana) - large banana-like herb, up to 9 feet tall; flowers white, subtended by large green bracts; fruit a many-seeded pod.

Phenakospermum guyannense (L.C. Richard) Endlicher ex Miquel *

Thurniaceae - aquatic herb; leaves long, strap-like; flowers white, in dense head on long peduncle; fruits small, green.
(reviewed by M.T. Strong)

Thurnia jenmanii J.D. Hooker
Thurnia sphaerocephala (Rudge) J.D. Hooker

Xyridaceae (Yellow-eyed Grass Family) - herb; leaves grass-like; flowers yellow, sometimes blue or pink (?); fruit a capsule.
(reviewed by R. Kral, 1998)

Abolboda acaulis Maguire var. acaulis *
Abolboda americana (Aublet) Lanjouw var. americana *
Abolboda grandis Grisebach var. grandis *
Abolboda grandis Grisebach var. rigida Malme *
Xyris cyperoides Gleason *
Xyris dolichosperma = X. fallax
Xyris fallax Malme *
Xyris glabrata = X. malmeana
Xyris guianensis Steudel *
Xyris involucrata Nees *
Xyris jupicai L.C. Richard *
Xyris malmeana L.B. Smith *
Xyris setigera F. Oliver *
Xyris subuniflora Malme *
Xyris surinamensis Sprengel *
Xyris uleana Malme var. angustifolia Lanjouw
Xyris uleana Malme var. uleana *

Zingiberaceae (Ginger Family) - large herb; leaves narrowly elliptic to oblong, large; flowers conspicuous, brightly colored; fruit a capsule or berrylike.

Renealmia floribunda K. Schumann *
Renealmia orinocensis Rusby
Zingiber zerumbet (Linnaeus) Smith